This work surveys shipbuilding by way of a commodity-chain approach. During the two centuries prior to the so-called "Industrial Revolution" shipbuilding was already characterized by many of the distinguishing attributes of an industrial activity, such as labor organization and technology, as far as manufacturing within the shipyards was concerned. Shifts in major sites of shipyards are traced giving a picture in which the Mediterranean world yields its primacy to the Atlantic seaboard, more specifically to the United Provinces first, and then to England, and finally to the North American colonies. Because of the commodity-chain approach adopted, the article deals not only with the activities concentrated within the shipyards, but also the processing and procurement of naval supplies such as timber and masts, flax used for sailcloth, hemp used for ropes, pitch and tar used for protection, and iron used for anchors and nails. Shifts in loci of production of these supplies, changes in their technologies of production, and organization of provisioning are depicted at length. The article demonstrates that the specific dates chosen for inquiry help delineate important periodic transformations within each part of the process as well as for the entirety of the commodity chain.

The book refers to the grain trade/ Το βιβλίο αναφέρεται στο εμπόριο των δημητριακών.

The book refers to the economic policies adipted during the reign of Tsar Nicholas A. It is very informative on economic legislation masterminded by E. Kankrin, Minister of Finance who set a certain tone to be pursued by his successors. / Το βιβλίο αναφέρεται στην οικονομική πολιτική κατά τη διάρκεια της βασιλεία του τσάρου Νικολάου Ά. Η παρούσα μελέτη είναι ιδιαίτερα λεπτομερής σχετικά με την οικονομική νομοθεσία που υιοθέτησε ο τότε Υπουργός Οικονομικών Κανκριν θέτοντας την κατεύθυνση που αργότερα ακολούθησαν οι διάδοχοί του.

This paper deals with the general strike of 1902 in Rostov as one of the chain of events which led to the rise of a proletarian revolutionary movement. In particular it was the first instance in Russian history where a labor movement was combined with the organized educated classes for political change. 

The book lists the records of trips of a baron in  Crimea and the Black Sea in 1803 together with information on trade and the economy/ Το βιβλίο αναφέρει τις καταγραφές των ταξιδιών ενός βαρόνου στην Κριμαία και στη Μαύρη θάλασσα το 1803 μαζί με πληροφορίες για το εμπόριο και την οικονομία.

The study presents the whole span of Russia's history, from the origins of the Kievan state and the building of an empire, to Soviet Russia, the successor states, and beyond. Drawing on both primary sources and major interpretive works, it analyzes the social, economic, cultural, political and miliary events of Russia's past and includes a new chapter on the post-Gorbachev era as well as helpful updated bibliographies and reading source lists.

The present study focuses on the most important business organization in imperial Russia. the Association of Industry and Trade, the nerve center of Russian capitalism in the years between the revolutions of 1905 and 1917. The book focuses on the analysis of the Association's policy positions on Russian economic development. Of particular interest are the insights the study affords into the peculiarities of Russian business -- including the operation of semi-monopolistic syndicates and the role of imported capital, banks, and the autocratic state.

The book contains essays on trade and shipping in the Black Sea/ Το βιβλίο περιέχει δοκίμια για το εμπόριο και τη ναυτιλία στη Μαύρη θάλασσα.

Russia's southern frontier in the seventeenth century was continuously menaced by the nomadic Tatars who inhabited the open steppe grasslands. In this situation the Russian government attempted to harness all the frontier's sources to the cause of defence by founding a series of military towns which could control and direct the process of settlement. Government control, however, did not extend to the widespread illegal migration and settlement of runaway serfs. In a later period, as the Tatar threat subsided and colonization continued, the importance of most of the towns diminished and a system of secondary central places arose as trade expanded. But the oldest towns retained their importance in this changing social and economic situation, becoming higher-order central places for long-distance trade and, increasingly, centres for agricultural processing.
Urbanism and economic development in a pre-industrial context: the case of southern Russia. 

This study will focus on the confluence of Russian railroad development and its role in Russia‟s imperial intersections. It will analyze the construction of Russian railways as a locus point of imperial intersections between France and the Russian Empire and illustrate the profundity they can have. The Russian railways serve as a locus point for Russian industrialization, finance, international relations, military preparedness, top level government decision making with French military planning, security, financial interests, and international prestige. This case study is an attempt to illustrate the extent to which international relations between empires and their domestic policies were interconnected by the last half of the nineteenth century up until the outbreak of the First World War.