This volume argues that the USSR was one of the most successful developing economies of the twentieth century. He reaches this provocative conclusion by recalculating national consumption and using economic, demographic, and computer simulation models to address the "what if" questions central to Soviet history. Moreover, by comparing Soviet performance not only with advanced but with less developed countries, he provides a meaningful context for its evaluation. Although the Russian economy began to develop in the late nineteenth century based on wheat exports, modern economic growth proved elusive. But growth was rapid from 1928 to the 1970s--due to successful Five Year Plans. The building of heavy industry accelerated growth during the 1930s and raised living standards, especially for the many peasants who moved to cities. A sudden drop in fertility due to the education of women and their employment outside the home also facilitated growth.

While highlighting the previously underemphasized achievements of Soviet planning, Farm to Factory also shows, through methodical analysis set in fluid prose, that Stalin's worst excesses--such as the bloody collectivization of agriculture--did little to spur growth. Economic development stagnated after 1970, as vital resources were diverted to the military and as a Soviet leadership lacking in original thought pursued wasteful investments.

The article is referred to the development of Russian cities from the times of Peter the Great to the 18th and 19th/ Το άρθρο αναφέρεται στην ανάπτυξη των ρωσικών πόλεων από τα χρόνια του Μεγάλου Πέτρου έως στο 18ο και 19ο αιώνα.  

The book describes the circumstances that led to the urbanization of Russia in the early 19th century and the impact of the rise of the bourgeoisie/ Το βιβλίο περιγράφει τις συνθήκες που οδήγησαν στην αστικοποίηση της Ρωσίας στις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα και στις επιπτώσεις της στην άνοδο της αστικής τάξης. 

Russian Empire offers new perspectives on the strategies of imperial rule pursued by rulers, officials, scholars, and subjects of the Russian empire. An international team of scholars explores the connections between Russia’s expansion over vast territories occupied by people of many ethnicities, religions, and political experiences and the evolution of imperial administration and vision. The fresh research reflected in this innovative volume reveals the ways in which the realities of sustaining imperial power in a multiethnic, multiconfessional, scattered, and diffuse environment inspired political imaginaries and set limits on what the state could accomplish. Taken together, these rich essays provide important new frameworks for understanding Russia’s imperial geography of power.

The book contains essays by Empress Catherine for new institutions and rules on trade, including Russia as a rising economic and political power/ Το βιβλίο περιέχει δοκίμια της Αυτοκράτειρας Αικατερίνης για τους νέους θεσμούς και κανόνες στο εμπόριο, περιλαμβάνοντας τη Ρωσία ως ανερχόμενη οικονομική και πολιτική δύναμη. 

The book mentions the history and topography of the countries of the Black Sea/ Το βιβλίο-πιλότος περιγράφει το εμπόριο και τη ναυσιπλοία των της Μαύρης θάλασσας.

This study of the province of Nizhnii Novgorod in the nineteenth century, far from the power centers of Petersburg or Moscow, demonstrates how almost everything we thought we knew about Russian society was wrong. Instead of ignorant peasants, we find skilled farmers, artisans and craftsmen, and tradespeople. Instead of a powerful central state, we discover effective local projects and initiative in abundance. Instead of universal ignorance we are shown a lively cultural scene. Most of all, instead of an all-defining Russian exceptionalism we find a world similar to many other European societies.

The article refers to the economic conditions that contributed to the rise of the Russian bourgeoisie/ Το άρθρο αναφέρεται στις οικονομικές συνθήκες που συνέβαλαν στην άνοδο της ρωσικής αστικής τάξης.

The book-pilot referred to the trade and navigation of the coasts of the Black Sea (three vol.)/ Το βιβλίο-πιλότος αναφέρεται στο εμπόριο και τη ναυσιπλοία των ακτών της Μαύρης θάλασσας (τρεις τόμοι)