СОЛИДАРНОСТЬ НАШИМ КОЛЛЕГАМ В УКРАИНЕ. Черноморский проект – это проект коммуникации, академического диалога и научного обмена, ученые вместе без границ: украинцы, русские, греки, турки, грузины, болгары, румыны, молдаване. Нет Востока и Запада. Есть ОДИН МИР. Пусть война ЗАКОНЧИТСЯ
A geographical, statistical, and commercial account of the Russian ports of the Black Sea, the Sea of Asoph and the Danube: also an official report of the European commerce of Russia in 1835, from the German. with map, London: A. Schloss and P. Richardson, 1837
The book gives geographical, statistical and commercial data around the cities of the Danube, the Black Sea and the Azov Sea/ Το βιβλίο δίνει γεωγραφικά, στατιστικά και εμπορικά στοιχεία γύρω από τις πόλεις του Δούναβη, της Μαύρης και της Αζοφικής θάλασσας.
Allen, Robert C., Farm to Factory: a Reinterpretation of the Soviet Industrial Revolution, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2003.
This volume argues that the USSR was one of the most successful developing economies of the twentieth century. He reaches this provocative conclusion by recalculating national consumption and using economic, demographic, and computer simulation models to address the "what if" questions central to Soviet history. Moreover, by comparing Soviet performance not only with advanced but with less developed countries, he provides a meaningful context for its evaluation. Although the Russian economy began to develop in the late nineteenth century based on wheat exports, modern economic growth proved elusive. But growth was rapid from 1928 to the 1970s--due to successful Five Year Plans. The building of heavy industry accelerated growth during the 1930s and raised living standards, especially for the many peasants who moved to cities. A sudden drop in fertility due to the education of women and their employment outside the home also facilitated growth.
While highlighting the previously underemphasized achievements of Soviet planning, Farm to Factory also shows, through methodical analysis set in fluid prose, that Stalin's worst excesses--such as the bloody collectivization of agriculture--did little to spur growth. Economic development stagnated after 1970, as vital resources were diverted to the military and as a Soviet leadership lacking in original thought pursued wasteful investments.
Beckert, Sven, The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850–1896, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2001
This volume is a comprehensive history of New York's economic elite, the most powerful group in nineteenth-century America. It explains how a small and diverse group of New Yorkers came to wield unprecedented economic, social, and political power from 1850 to the turn of the twentieth century and reveals the central role of the Civil War in realigning New York's economic elite, abandoning the free labor views of the antebellum years for laissez-faire liberalism.
Blumenfeld, Hans, “Russian City Planning of the 18th and Early 19th Centuries”, The Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians vol. 4, no. 1, January 1944, pp. 22-23
The article is referred to the development of Russian cities from the times of Peter the Great to the 18th and 19th/ Το άρθρο αναφέρεται στην ανάπτυξη των ρωσικών πόλεων από τα χρόνια του Μεγάλου Πέτρου έως στο 18ο και 19ο αιώνα.
Borissow, C. I., The commerce of St. Petersburg with a brief description of the trade of the Russian empire, London: Printed for J. Booth, 1819
The book covers the economic conditions that have made St. Petersburg the most important commercial city of the Russian Empire in the early centuries of its prosperity and its contribution to the consolidation of the global economy/ Το βιβλίο αναφέρεται στις οικονομικές συνθήκες που κατέστησαν την Αγία Πετρούπολη τη σημαντικότερη εμπορική πόλη της Ρωσικής Αυτοκρατορίας στους πρώτους αιώνες της ακμής της αλλά και της συμβολή της στην εδραίωση της παγκόσμιας οικονομίας.
Broomhall, G. J. S. - Hubback, John H., Corn trade memories, recent and remote, Northern Publishing Co. Ltd, Liverpool 1930
In what ways did the development of cities in late tsarist Russia alter the character of social relations and conflicts in that key period? At first glance, the question may appear poorly posed. It has long been customary to assess the history of Russian society in the nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries in terms of estate and class, to evaluate change by class differentiation, and to look for the sources of social conflict in the strains engendered by the transformation of a "society of estates" into a "society of classes." The urban centers of the country fran this point of view provided merely the setting in which key segments of the population experienced and reacted to new economic forces and political pressures.
Brower, Daniel, “Urbanization and Autocracy: Russian Urban Development in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century,” in Russian Review, vol. 42, no. 4, October 1983
The book describes the circumstances that led to the urbanization of Russia in the early 19th century and the impact of the rise of the bourgeoisie/ Το βιβλίο περιγράφει τις συνθήκες που οδήγησαν στην αστικοποίηση της Ρωσίας στις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα και στις επιπτώσεις της στην άνοδο της αστικής τάξης.
Browne, Sara H., The manual of commerce: containing a concise account of the source, mode of production or manufacture of the principal articles of commerce, Springfield: Bill Nichols, 1871
The book contains principal articles on the commercial trade among the empires/ Το βιβλίο περιέχει προξενικές αρχές σχετικά με το εμπόριο των Αυτοκρατοριών.
Burbank, Jane et al., Russian Empire: Space, People, Power 1700-1930, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2007
Russian Empire offers new perspectives on the strategies of imperial rule pursued by rulers, officials, scholars, and subjects of the Russian empire. An international team of scholars explores the connections between Russia’s expansion over vast territories occupied by people of many ethnicities, religions, and political experiences and the evolution of imperial administration and vision. The fresh research reflected in this innovative volume reveals the ways in which the realities of sustaining imperial power in a multiethnic, multiconfessional, scattered, and diffuse environment inspired political imaginaries and set limits on what the state could accomplish. Taken together, these rich essays provide important new frameworks for understanding Russia’s imperial geography of power.
Campenhausen, Pierce Balthasar, Freiherr von, Travels through several provinces of the Russian Empire: with an historical account of the Zaporog Cossacks, and of Bessarabia, Moldavia, Wallachia and the Crimea, London: Printed for Richard Phillips, by J.G. Barnard, 1808
Catherine, Empress of Russia, The grand instructions to the Commissioners Appointed to Frame a New Code of Laws for the Russian, London: Printed for T. Jefferys, 1768
The book contains essays by Empress Catherine for new institutions and rules on trade, including Russia as a rising economic and political power/ Το βιβλίο περιέχει δοκίμια της Αυτοκράτειρας Αικατερίνης για τους νέους θεσμούς και κανόνες στο εμπόριο, περιλαμβάνοντας τη Ρωσία ως ανερχόμενη οικονομική και πολιτική δύναμη.
Clark, Charles Upson, Bessarabia, Russia and Roumania on the Black Sea, Dodd, Mead and Company, New York 1927
The book mentions the history and topography of the countries of the Black Sea/ Το βιβλίο αναφέρει την ιστορία και την τοπογραφία των χωρών της Μαύρης θάλασσας.
Dearborn, Henry A. S., A memoir on the commerce and navigation of the Black Sea and the trade and maritime geography of Turkey and Egypt, vol. I - II, Boston: Wells and Lilly, 1819
The book mentions the history and topography of the countries of the Black Sea/ Το βιβλίο-πιλότος περιγράφει το εμπόριο και τη ναυσιπλοία των της Μαύρης θάλασσας.
Eton, William, A Concise account of the commerce and navigation of the Black Sea: from recent and authentic information, London: T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1805
The book-pilot is referred to the trade and navigation of the coasts of the Black Sea/ Το βιβλίο-πιλότος αναφέρεται στο εμπόριο και τη ναυσιπλοία των ακτών της Μαύρης θάλασσας.
Evtuhov, Catherine, Portrait of a Russian Province. Economy, Society, and Civilization in nineteenth-century Nizhnii Novgorod, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh 2011
This study of the province of Nizhnii Novgorod in the nineteenth century, far from the power centers of Petersburg or Moscow, demonstrates how almost everything we thought we knew about Russian society was wrong. Instead of ignorant peasants, we find skilled farmers, artisans and craftsmen, and tradespeople. Instead of a powerful central state, we discover effective local projects and initiative in abundance. Instead of universal ignorance we are shown a lively cultural scene. Most of all, instead of an all-defining Russian exceptionalism we find a world similar to many other European societies.
Falkus, Malcolm E., "Russia and the International Wheat Trade, 1881-1914", in Economica , vol. 33, no. 132, November 1966, pp. 416-429
This article examines the course of Russia's wheat exports and suggests that the slower growth during the 1880s and 1890s markes a turning point when, under the impact of foreign competition and changes in demand for particular qualities of wheat, a new pattern of trade emerged.
Fedor, Thomas - Rozman, Gilbert, “Russian urban development and the ‘Myth’ of Backwardness” in Journal of urban history, November 1977
The article refers to the economic conditions that contributed to the rise of the Russian bourgeoisie/ Το άρθρο αναφέρεται στις οικονομικές συνθήκες που συνέβαλαν στην άνοδο της ρωσικής αστικής τάξης.
Figes, Orlando, Ο χορός της Νατάσας. Μια πολιτιστική ιστορία της Ρωσίας. Από τον Μεγάλο Πέτρο στον Τολστόϊ, τ. Ι, Ηλέκτρα, Αθήνα 2006
Το παρόν βιβλίο αναφέρεται σε μια εκτεταμένη χρονική περίοδο, και καλύπτει έναν τεράστιο αριθμό πηγών. Ως εκ τούτου, οι αναφορές σε πρόσωπα, τόπους, έργα, ιστορικές περιόδους, καλλιτεχνικά, πολιτικά και θρησκευτικά κινήματα είναι αμέτρητες. Σκοπό έχει να φωτίσει την "αθέατη πλευρά" της παγκόσμιας Ιστορίας, πίσω από την "επίσημη"¨εικόνα των πολιτικών και στρατιωτικών αντιπαραθέσεων, την τέχνη, τις καθημερινές συνήθειες, τα ήθη και τα έθιμα, όλα εκείνα τα "μικρά", που χτίζουν την πραγματικότητα.
Figes, Orlando, Ο χορός της Νατάσας. Μια πολιτιστική ιστορία της Ρωσίας. Από τον Ντοστογιέφσκι στην Ε.Σ.Σ.Δ., τ. ΙΙ, Ηλέκτρα, Αθήνα 2006
Το παρόν βιβλίο αναφέρεται σε μια εκτεταμένη χρονική περίοδο, και καλύπτει έναν τεράστιο αριθμό πηγών. Ως εκ τούτου, οι αναφορές σε πρόσωπα, τόπους, έργα, ιστορικές περιόδους, καλλιτεχνικά, πολιτικά και θρησκευτικά κινήματα είναι αμέτρητες. Σκοπό έχει να φωτίσει την "αθέατη πλευρά" της παγκόσμιας Ιστορίας, πίσω από την "επίσημη"¨εικόνα των πολιτικών και στρατιωτικών αντιπαραθέσεων, την τέχνη, τις καθημερινές συνήθειες, τα ήθη και τα έθιμα, όλα εκείνα τα "μικρά", που χτίζουν την πραγματικότητα.